A Report On Aedes Albopictus

A Report On Aedes Albopictus

3. BACKGROUND AND LITERATURE REVIEW



3.1 INTRODUCTORY STATEMENT

Aedes albopictus is considered to be the most invasive mosquito species in the world (1, 2) and there is an increased potential for its introduction into mainland Australia given the established populations discovered, since 2005, in the Torres Strait, the region that sandwiches between Papua New Guinea (PNG) and northern Australia (3). The aedine mosquito species have been culpably involved in the transmission cycles of pathogens of public health importance (1). Aedes albopictus is known to have both field and laboratory proven vector competence for a number of emerging and re–emerging viruses including chikungunya virus (CHIKV) and dengue virus (DENV). CHIKV and DENV are arthropod–borne (arboviruses) viruses transmitted by the Aedes genus (4). Dengue is considered the most important arboviral disease in the world affecting 390 million people every year (5, 6), and CHIKV has continued to conquer new territories; charting an unprecedented worldwide expansion (7–11). In Australia, dengue outbreaks occur regularly in northern Queensland where there is Aedes aegypti (12–14). Between November 2008 and May 2009, more than one thousand confirmed autochthonous cases of dengue were recorded in Cairns, north Queensland, and Aedes aegypti, the only competent dengue vector, at the time, was implicated. There is increasing global concern about recent outbreaks of pathogenic arboviruses from diverse viral families including

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